The goal of this lesson is to apply NGSS science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts to developing an efficient robot. Students will design a robot to complete a job that is able to maximize its efficiency by utilizing knowledge about potential and kinetic energy. SEPs used: Defining problems Developing models Analyzing and interpreting data Using mathematics and computational thinking Designing solutions DCIs addressed for Middle School grades 6-8: Ps2-2, Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. ps3-2, Develop a model to describe that when the arrangement of objects interacting at a distance changes, different amounts of potential energy are stored in the system. ets1-3, Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. ets1-4, Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. CCs discussed: Cause and Effect Scale, proportion, and quantity System and System Models Energy and matter Structure and Function